Age verification
MOTS-c supplied as a lyophilised 10 mg vial. Tested at 99.208% purity by an independent laboratory. Certificate published under lot #149041.
98+
Every lot has a certificate from an independent laboratory, typically for HPLC purity and identity.
1–3
Orders are usually prepared for shipment within 1–3 business days, then tracked end to end.
COA
Read the latest certificate for the compound before you place the order, not after.
Certificate of analysis
The certificate of analysis an independent laboratory issued for the lot listed here: typically purity by HPLC and identity, and endotoxins where the laboratory tested them.
Lyophilised powder is stable at ambient temperature in transit. On arrival, keep sealed vials refrigerated at 2–8 °C, dry and dark. For storage beyond three months, keep at −20 °C.
Follow your laboratory's own protocol.
Refrigerate at 2–8 °C and protect from light. Use within 30 days. Discard if the solution becomes cloudy or discoloured.
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary consumption. Not a drug or dietary supplement.
Research record
A mitochondria-derived, 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. MOTS-c is widely used in preclinical research to probe cellular stress responses and energy-sensing pathways (notably AMPK), as well as exercise and aging biology.
01
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by a short open reading frame in the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. Its identification followed that of humanin and established that the mitochondrial genome encodes more than one signalling peptide. Circulating levels are reported to decline with age.
02
Under metabolic stress the peptide translocates to the nucleus and regulates nuclear gene expression, described as a retrograde mitochondrial signal. This is unusual in the direction of information flow: the nuclear genome is not otherwise known to be actively controlled by factors encoded in mitochondrial DNA.
03
The original report described effects on metabolic homeostasis, obesity and insulin resistance in mice, with the folate-methionine cycle and AMPK signalling proposed as the route. Later work reports MYH9-dependent nuclear translocation with transcriptional activation of antioxidant genes in a lung ischaemia-reperfusion model.
| Research area | Assay |
|---|---|
| Peptide identification | Short open reading frame detection in mitochondrial DNA |
| Nuclear translocation | Subcellular localisation under metabolic stress |
| Metabolic readouts | Glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle models |
| Antioxidant transcription | MYH9-dependent activation of antioxidant gene expression |
| Circulating levels | Plasma quantification of the endogenous peptide |
The record is preclinical, largely in rodent and cell models, and reviews note that no effective method of clinical application has been established. The compound holds no FDA approval.
Regulatory status as of October 2026.
2D structure · PubChem CID 146675088
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Check three things in order. First, the lot code on the certificate matches the lot listed on the product page and in your order. Second, where the report gives an HPLC purity, its chromatogram shows a single dominant peak at the stated figure; a blend's report shows a peak for each compound. Third, where the lab ran mass spectrometry, the measured mass matches the expected molecular weight of the compound. Anything that does not line up, send us the lot code.
Unopened vials keep at ambient temperature short term, as in transit; on arrival, refrigerate them at 2–8 °C, and keep them at −20 °C beyond three months. Reconstitute following your laboratory's own protocol; once in solution, refrigerate at 2–8 °C, protect from light and use within 30 days.
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